The industry seems to have an oversimplified view of interoperability based on a seemingly rational observation that one simple approach is the right approach. In truth, interoperability is more complex and is not one thing. It is a broad combination of use cases that is specific to your organization’s needs.  In this presentation, I will address our view of national interoperability, its challenges and opportunities, and how new technology such as FHIR and API play a role.  We’ll follow the presentation with a panel discussion to hear the perspectives of industry leaders.